Rotary engine



Nov. 5, 192?). I J. D. HOYT' 1,734,433

ROTARY ENGINE Filed Oct. 20, 1923 3 Shets-Sheec 1 I 11 muamtoz mama @Wmim Nov. 5, 1929. J. D. ow 1 73 ROTARY ENGINE 'FiledOct. 20, 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 "llilllHHIIIIIIIIIIIIII|1||lH|| Nov. 5, 1929.

J. D. HOYT ROTARY ENGINE Filed Oct. 20. 1925 s Sheets-Sheet a I n. I

VJIIIIIII //////////ll////////A l Patented Nov. 5, 1929 PATENT OFFICE JOHN D. HOYT, OF RENO, NEVADA ROTARY ENGINE Application filed October 20, 1923. Serial No. 669,819.

The invention relates to improvements in a motor utilizing as a power medium either a liquid or anexpansive fluid, such as steam gases or the like. 1 While the invention primarily contemplates the provision of a power generating motor, the construction is such that the apparatus'by a proper operation' thereof may be utilized as a pump or compressorin all fields where such adevice is needed. I i p It is an object of the invention to provide a motor of a simple and efficient construction having a casing and a non-revolving core eccentrically mounted therein-that is moved in a circular orbit by an expansivefluid acting uponabutments associated with the core ant dividing the interior of the casing into a plurality of expansion chambers. In accordance with my invention, the abutments are so constructed, and thecore so mounted, that whenever an expansion chamber is receiving anexpansive fluid, the pair of abutments forming said chamber will' be moved in divergent directions by the fluid, but the divergent movement of said abutments serves torotate a shaft connected with the core in the same direction, thereby utilizing the force I applied to a pair of abutments which move in opposed directions, but which both serve "to rotate a driven shaft in one direction. I

t is a further object ofthe invention to provide a motor of this character, wherein a motive energy is being continuously admitted to the successive expansion chambers and continuouslyacting on a pair of abutments to i apply pressure thereto to move said abutments in divergent directions but to constantly turn the crank shaft steadily in one direction. To permit the continuous application of pressure to the abutments of said successive expansion chambers, I preferably use a rotating inlet port operating at one end of the casing for admitting either a pressure liquid, or an expansivefluid,"such as steam, to I said expansion chambers, and there is likewise provided at the opposite end a rotating exhaust port for discharging fluid from said chambers. The invention further comprehends an improvement of the construction of core and sliding abutments therewith, said abutments including telescopic members, one of which is bodily movable with reference to the casing during the movement of the core.

With the foregoing and other objects in view, the invention consists of a novel construction, combination, and arrangement of parts, which will be more fully hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 represents a vertical longitudinal sectional view; Figure 2 is a vertical transverse sectional view on line 22 of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a similar view on line 3-3 of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a fragmentary sectional view, on line l l of Figure 2; and, Figure 5 is a diagrammatic view showing the action of the device.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, wherein like reference characters indicate corresponding parts, the numeral 1 designates a casing, which is adapted to completely surround the working parts of the engine, and which casing may be of any desired configuration. The casing is provided adjacent each end with chambers 2 and 3, the chamber 2 constituting an inlet chamber fed through a pipe or conduit 4, while the chamher 3 is an exhaust chamber having an exhaust discharge 5. A crank shaft 6 passes through the walls of the chamber, and is provided with the eccentric portion 7, upon which there is journalled the core 8. Upon the crank-shaft 6, and spaced from the side walls, there is provided a pair of disks 9 and 10, said disks having grooved peripheries, as indicated by the character 11, riding upon a track portion 12 of the outer wall of the casing. These disks form the offsets to the eccentric portion of the crank-shaft, and also serve to separate the interior of the engine proper from the chambers 2 and 3.

Through them are cut the inlet and exhaust ports. The disk 9 is arranged at the inlet end of the casing, while the disk is pro vided at the exhaust end thereof. Inasmuch as the disks are of substantially the same construction, save for the positioning of the inlet and exhaust ports therein, a description of one will sulhce for both. Each disk is there fore provided with a circular cut-out portion 13, having suitable recesses adapted to receive the complemental POI'L-lOllS of the core 8 for holding said core end within the disk in a manner to permit the core to turn relative to the disk. The eccentric siiaft 7 originates in the cut-out portions of the disks and passes through the core at its center, but is, of course, located eccentrically with respect to the interior of the casing. The thickened portion of the disk 9 is provided with a segmental inlet slot or port 1a, which leads from the intake chamber 2, and is adapted to admit either pressure gases, r a pressure fluid such water or the like to the successive expansion chambers formed within the casing as the shaft revolves, in a manner which will later appear. In the present disclosure 1 have illustrated an apparatus which is adapted to be propelled by water or another pressure fluid, but this disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the invention, and it will be clearly understood that by slightly modifying the form of the expansion chambers to be later described that the engine will clearly operate on steam or other pressure gases. Before passing to the construction of the core and this expansion chambers formed thereby, it is to be observed that the disk 10 is provided with a segmental slot or exhaust port of substantially the same size as the slot 1%, and offset with regard thereto for opening each expansion chamber when it is time to discharge pressure fluid that has been admitted to the different chambers.

As clearly shown in Fig. 3, the core 8 is provided with abutments formed by a series of radial blades 16 extending outwardly therefrom to the periphery of the core, each blade being recessed to provide the slot- 17. These blades are held in position by a disk at each end of the core, designed to fit into the recessed portion of the disk. They in effect divide the core into expansion chambers X, Y, Z. There is also prov'ded in the casing the slides 18, 19 and 20 adapted to enter the slots of the blades 1'? and to telescope herewith during the movement of the core, which does not in any sense rotate, but merely moves in the orbit described by its axis. As it moves greater or lesser lengths of the slides are exposed, this manifestly depending upon the position of the core. Each slide is mounted to permit it to move bodily a restricted distance by means of the guiding rods 21 mounted in recessed portions 22 of the casing, said rods serving to support the slides and to enable them to shift back and forth during the movement of the core when the engine is operated. It will be observed that the reference character C is the true center and axis of rotation, while the character E designates the eccentric center of the core, with the dotted line circle showing the path of movement of said core when in operation. The axis of rotation of the crank shaft 6, however, is at the center of the casing, so that the movement of the core imparts to the crank shaft a continuous rotary motion.

The inlet and exhaust ports are so placed and of such size that at the time when admission of motive fluid begins to each expansion chamber the slides cooperating therewith are in their contracted positions.

Assuming that the shaft 6 is rotating, and the ex ansion chamber X has moved to the position shown in Fig. 1 where the slides 18 and 20 are in their most contracted position, then the intake opening 14 occupies a position to admit motive fluid to said chamber X from the fluid chest 2. The liquid admitted thereto being under pressure, and places a pressure on the blades and the slides when it contacts therewith. lYith the chamber Xcontracted, it will be observed that the front end of the intake opening is just passing from the chamber Z to said chamber X. The fluid chamber 2, is of course, constantly filled with a fluid which is non-compressible, and at this instant fluid will be admitted to the chamber X, and some fluid will continue to enter the chamber Z, the slides of which are lengthening, and will continue to do so until the segmental slot 14: passes beyondthe slide 20. At one state of this operation, and during the time when fluid is being admitted to the chambers X and Z, the fluid pressure on the blade 17 and the slide 20 will be about equal on opposite surfaces thereof, so that the same will be balanced. However, fluid is exerting a pressure at this time on the other blade and also on the slide 18, and a further pressure is being exerted on the lengthened slide 19 and its blade, which pressure will cause said blades and slides to move to the right of the position shown in Fig. 3, both imparting to the shaft a force serving to move it in one direction. This is because of the eccentric position of the core, and also because of the position of the slides and the blades,and the fact that said slides are bodily movable, as well as telescoping with regard to the blades. As soon as the inlet slot registers wholly with the pressure chamber X, then, of "course, no fluid is admitted to the chamber Z, this chamber then exhausting at the opposite end of the casing through the exhaust slot 15. Pressure, however, when the intake slot is in this position, will be exerted on the two abutments comprising the slides 18 and 20 and their guides, moving said slides in divergent directions. This movement of the slides in said divergent directions imparts to the crank shaft a movement in one direction. It should be appreciated that each ex pansion chamber, therefore, has a pair of slides and blades constituting abutments, and that pressure fluid or gases act upon said abutting surfaces, and that even though they move these surfaces in reverse directions because of the eccentric mounting of the core and the positioning of the abutments, the force imparted to said abutments is transmitted to the core in such a manner that the oppositely moving abutments serve to impart to I the core a movement rotating the crank shaft in one direction. This motion continues until the inlet slot approaches or overlaps the expansion chamber Y, the slides 18 and 19 of which chamber at this time are contracted, and the admission of fluid continues to this chamber in the manner ust described, a portion of the fluid being admitted to the chamber X. When the fluid is being admitted to the two chambers simultaneously, the slide or abutment between said chambers receives an equal force on each side, so that it remains neutral, the pressure on the motive fluid, however, acting against the two separated slides and blades, which, at the period when the fluid is being admitted to the two chambers, serves to propelthe crank shaft in one direction. As previously pointed out, the exhaust port is arranged in the disk 10 at the opposite end of the cylinder, and the segmental exhaust opening in said disk serves to permit the discharge of exhaust pressure fluid from each expansion chamber at the time the admission of pressure fluid to the chamber has been cut off. The construction of the rotating disks with the slots therein permits an accurate sealing of the device, and prevents the leakage of pressure fluids either into or from the expansion chambers.

In Fig. 5, I have shown a diagram illustrating'the manner in which the admission ofthe pressure fluid to the successive expansion chambers overlaps, and the manner in which pressure is applied to the abutments consisting of the slides and the radial blades, which are referred to in the chart as arms 1, 2, and 3.

A fluid under pressure is admitted to the,

fluid chamber 2, and this fluid passes through the inlet 14 arranged in therotating disk 9 to one of the pressure chambers, the apparatus being so constructed that said fluid should enter the chamber having the contracted slides. The slides, as before stated, are free to shift bodily and to also telescope with the blades carried by the core 8, which core moves in a circular orbit or path in the casing during the operation of the device as shown by dotted lines, rather than rotating therein. In Fi 5 I have shown the successive positions of the abutments formed by the radial blades and the slides of the core during the full stroke of the chamber X. At the beginning of the stroke, the chamber X is in a position and the effect of this is to exert an equal pressure on the opposite walls of the abutment disclosed diagrammatically in Fig. 5 by the reference character 1 so that this arm is neutralized, the pressure, however, being exerted upon the arms or abutments AA and AA. With these forces actuating it, the center of the core moves to the point B, the arms of the abutments then lying along the lines BB, BB, and 1313'; During this portion of the stroke, the abutment 1 is moved to the limit of its movement along the line MM, and is returned to its original position along the line AA or BB, the two coincidin Piston displacement (that is, displacement of the abutments actively actuated during this phase of the stroke, one-sixth revolution) is clearly shown in the disclosure. As the center of the core arrives at B, the rear end of the intake opening passes the line BB. This stops further pressure in the chamber Y, and its exhaustimmediately opens. No further pressure is exerted on the arm 2, and the pressure on the arm 1 ceases to be neutralized, so that this arm commences to push upward from BB toward CC. 7 Arm 3 continues to push in its original direction under the influence of said pressure fluid toward CC. UH. der this force, the center of the core is carried to the point C. This phase consumes onesixth of a revolution and the displacement is clearly shown in the disclosure. As the center of the core arrives at C, the front of the intake opening passes the arm 3, which at that moment lies along the line CC. This throws pressure into the chamber Y, and net tralizes arm 3. Arm 2 during the B to C phase is moved to the limit of its movement along the line CC, and is returned to the position BB or CC, the two coinciding.

It now continues from left to right toward I the line DD, which coincides with AA. At the same time arm 1 continues to push from CC toward DD, and these forces carry the center of the core to D, atwhich point the closure, but it may be briefly stated as fill".

lows: Fluid, steam, or the like is admitted to the intake chamber or chest 2 and passes through the segmental inlet slot 14 to one of the expansion chambers of the engine. Assuming that this segmental slot is wholly in line with the expansion chamber Z, then the motive fluid exerts a pressure on the abutments, comprising the blades 16 and the slides 20 and 19. The eccentric position of the core 8 is, this time, such that while the pressure serves to move said blades and their slides in divergent directions; nevertheless, this movement imparts to the crank shaft a rotary movement in one direction. Thus, we have the force of the expansive fiuid exerting a pressure against the two separate and distinct slides form'iig each expansion chamber, and the force of this pressure, even though said slides move in opposite directions, serves to impart to the crank shaft a continuous for ward movement, giving the engine great power. This continues as long as the segmental inlet slot is in registry with said chamber Z, and when said slot which rotates with the crank shaft begins to appear at the adjacent or succeeding chamber, the aressure fluid is being admitted to both of said chambers. Ti hen this occurs, pressure fluid is admitted to both. the chamber Z and its succeeding chamber X. This pressure fluid therefore acts on each side of the slide 20, with its blade carried by the core, and neutralizes this abutment. However, pressure fluids are at this time acting on the slide 19 of the expansion chamber Z, and also on the slide 18 of the chamber Y together with its blade, and the force of the pressure applied to both of these abutments is transmitted through the eccentric positionin of the core to the crank shaft to rotate said shaft in a given direction. The dis continues to rotate until the intake port is wholly in registry with the expansion chamber X, and the pressure is then exerted on the slides 18 and 20 of said chamber 'in a manner hereinbefore described. As soon as the inlet port has left the chamber Z, then the exhaust port 15 in the disk 10 comes into registry therewith and exhausts the pressure fluid from said expansion chamber. This operation continues, the core traveling in the path described by its axis without rotating, and being always so positioned as to impart to the shaft a continuous rotary movement when the abutments or blades thereof are being moved in divergentdirections.

l'laving thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. An engine of the character described, the combination with the casing of a nonrotatable eccentrically mounted core disposed thereing a concentric shaft driven by said core extending from said casing, a plurality of b .es radiating from the core, a slide telescopically cooperating with each blade,

energy is admitted to at least one of said chambers in the casing to exert pressure on two of the blades and slides forming the chamber, whereby said slides are driven in different directions but transmit the force of said energy to rotate said shaft in a single direction, and a rotary exhaust valve in the casing provided with an elongated port for discharging spent gases from said chambers.

2. An engine, comprising a casing and a shiftable eccentrical ly mounted non-rotatable cor-e disposed within said casing, and a series of blades each connected with the core and a telescopic slide associated with each blade and slide supported by the casing for dividing the interior of the casing into a plurality of compartments, a concentric shaft driven by the shi 'ting movement of said core, a rotary valve havin a concentric opening in its interior surrounding said core, and an elongated feeding port arranged in said valve, means for admitting a fluid energy to the casing to pass through the port in said rotating valve to flow to at least one of said chambers, said core blades and slides being constructed whereby the motive fluid admitted to eachchamber on expansion moves said-slides in different directions, but utilizes the force thereof to rotate said shaft continuously in one direction, and a continuously rotatingexhaust valve for discharging spent gases fromsaid chambers.

3. In an engine-of the character described, the combination with the casing, of a. nonrotatable shiftable core eccentrically mounted therein, a concentrically mounted shaft adapted to be rota-ted by the shifting movement of said eccentric core, a series of blades connected with said core and with said casing and telescoping with one another for dividing the easing into a series of chambers of progressively changin areas, a rotary valve in said casing having an elongated port thereln for the admission of expansive gases to the interior of the casing whereby a sup ply of motive fluid is expanding in at least one of said chambers and at times in two of said chambers to move said slides in different direction but to utilize the force applied to said blades while moving in opposite direc- 

